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- Political Morality in Colonial Times
-
- In Webster's dictionary, morality is defined as "principles of right and
- wrong in conduct; ethics." The principles of morality have countless times
- evolved over the ages. In earlier times, death was an easy penalty for many
- crimes. These crimes today are considered minor and are penalized with a slap
- on the hand. Is this considered wrong? Who is the correct authority to consult
- on what is right or wrong? In today's society, two major factors concern how
- the way members of society act and behave.
- The first is our national government. Members of our government in positions
- of authority decide everything in our lives in the form of laws which
- determine our behavior. One of the most important documents written by our
- government is the Declaration of Independence. The monarchy was taking away
- power from the colonists and putting more demands on. In return, the colonists
- declared their freedom from their tyrant. In this document, it states, "All
- men are created equal; that they are endowed by their creator with certain
- unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of
- happiness." The great men who wrote this down had a strong sense of morals.
- They believed that men were given rights by God that no one could take away.
- This is essential to the issue of morality because it determines the rights-
- that are agreed upon all- are wrong.
- This brings us to religion. Religion is a major contributor to how we think
- and act because it mirrors our beliefs in what we hold as right or wrong. An
- example of this is the native tribes of africa and South America where a
- number of tribes practice cannibalism. While this is considered a sin in most
- christian religions, the tribes have evolved into cannibalism as a way to
- survive in life and have no objections to their eating habits. The problem
- arises when the line between government and religion is crossed. While
- religion does not have to power to punish one physically, but rather soulfully of
- one has sinned. The government has the power to sentence punishment, yet should
- have no power concerning God.
- Many different religions have evolved all over the world and in the process,
- have people have been prosecuted in their faith. The first settlers in the new
- world came here to avoid prosecution from the powerful church/government of
- that time. Specifically, the Church of England headed by the king. Puritan
- leaders led their followers to a place where they could express their religion
- with no fear of other faiths. One such leader was John Winthrop.
- John Winthrop was a powerful Puritan governor in the colony of Massachusetts
- Bay. He believed that this was a calling from God for him to lead the new
- religious experiment-a covenant with God to built a model for mankind. "We
- shall be a city upon the hill." declared Winthrop. As governor Winthrop held
- considerable power. He distrusted the commoners and thought democracy was the
- "meanest and worst" forms of government. Anyone who brought trouble or had
- indifferent thought were severely punished to "save their soul." As one of his
- extensions of his powers he banished Roger Williams, a popular Salem minister
- with radical ideas and an unrestrained tongue, and Mistress Anne Hutchinson, A strong
- willed women who challenged the authority of the clergy by stating the truly
- saved need not bother to obey the laws of God or man.
- Several problems arise throughout this banishment. I am
- for a democratic society in which one can express his or her
- thoughts without the fear of prosecution. They did not have the luxury of
- this. The need for the expressment of ideas is
- essential for a growing environment. If no growth is made, then expansion of
- the community is halted to a standstill. The limit of new idea's must have a
- point, though. In recent news, the Unabomber has issued a ultimanium with his
- manuscript. In the past, such a request would have been rediculous. In his
- manuscript he expresses his view on the evils of technology. While a citizen
- is entitled to free speech and press, threatening murder is not such an
- option. There must be limits set. In colonial times these limitations were set
- by John Winthrop. Total obedience was required and disobedience was not
- tolerated; therefore, Williams and Hutchinson were banished. I understand the
- reasoning behind his motives, but his limits were set too
- low. There was no room for free speech and thinking.
- Morals today have been declining and declining. As
- independant thoughts have now been tolerated, so have thoughts against basic
- humane rights. More today than any other period murders and rapists are being
- convicted and released from jail. Attendance at churches pail considerably
- from the height of it's popularity. The people have better things to do and
- church is just not the thing to do these days. The government is a mess of
- bureaucracy and misuse of power. In two words-Bob Packwood. The national
- deficit is at trillions and shows no signs of improvement. Money is spent in
- needless ways with lobbyists bribing officials for personal causes that have
- no implications with the common people. The cause of representing the common
- people is practically non-existent. These are just some of the
- examples of how the morals in today's society have declined in the cause of
- "personal rights."
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